Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient pharaonic city that had lain unseen for centuries near some of Egypt’s best-known monuments.
The city was built more than 3400 years ago during the opulent reign of Amenhotep III, one of Egypt’s most powerful pharaohs, said the Egyptian archaeologist overseeing the excavations, Zahi Hawass.
The team began searching for a mortuary temple near Luxor in September, but within weeks found mud brick formations in every direction, Dr Hawass said in a statement.
They unearthed the well-preserved city that had almost complete walls and rooms filled with tools of daily life along with rings, scarabs, coloured pottery vessels and mud bricks bearing seals of Amenhotep’s cartouche.
“The city’s streets are flanked by houses … some of their walls are up to 3 metres high,” Dr Hawass said.
The excavations lie on the West Bank of the Nile River at Luxor near the Colossi of Memnon, Medinet Habu and the Ramesseum, or mortuary temple of King Ramses II, not far from the Valley of the Kings.
“This is a very important discovery,” said the director of the US-based Ancient Egyptian Heritage and Archaeology Fund, Peter Lacovara.
The state of preservation and the number of items from everyday life brought to mind another famous excavation, he added.
“It is a sort of ancient Egyptian Pompeii and shows the critical need to preserve this area as an archaeological park,” said Dr Lacovara, who has worked at the Malqata palace area for more than 20 years but was not involved in the excavations.
The site contains a large number of ovens and kilns for making glass and faience (finely glazed ceramic beads, figures and other small objects found in Egypt as early as 4000 BC), along with the debris of thousands of statues, said Betsy Bryan, a specialist of Amenhotep III’s reign.
“Just to locate the manufacturing centres opens up the detail of how the Egyptians under a great and wealthy ruler such as Amenhotep III did what they did. This will furnish knowledge for many years to come,” she added.
The city extends west to the ancient workmen’s village of Deir el-Medina, Dr Hawass said.
According to historical references it included three of Amenhotep III’s palaces and the empire’s administrative and industrial centre, he said.
